Chinese Dynasty Table

Complete chronological table of Chinese dynasties from Xia to Qing

Pre-Imperial Era

Xia470 years
前2070 - 前1600
Capital: 阳城、阳翟Founder:
Shang554 years
前1600 - 前1046
Capital: 亳、殷Founder:
Western Zhou275 years
前1046 - 前771
Capital: 镐京Founder: 武王姬发
Eastern Zhou514 years
前770 - 前256
Capital: 洛邑Founder: 平王姬宜臼
Spring & Autumn294 years
前770 - 前476
Capital: 洛邑Founder: 周平王
Warring States254 years
前475 - 前221
Capital: 各国不同Founder: 七雄并立

Imperial Era

Qin14 years
前221 - 前207
Capital: 咸阳Founder: 始皇帝嬴政
Western Han210 years
前202 - 8
Capital: 长安Founder: 高祖刘邦
Xin15 years
8 - 23
Capital: 长安Founder: 王莽
Eastern Han195 years
25 - 220
Capital: 洛阳Founder: 光武帝刘秀
Wei45 years
220 - 265
Capital: 洛阳Founder: 文帝曹丕
Shu42 years
221 - 263
Capital: 成都Founder: 昭烈帝刘备
Wu58 years
222 - 280
Capital: 建业Founder: 大帝孙权
Western Jin51 years
265 - 316
Capital: 洛阳Founder: 武帝司马炎
Eastern Jin103 years
317 - 420
Capital: 建康Founder: 元帝司马睿
Southern & Northern Dynasties169 years
420 - 589
Capital: 建康、洛阳Founder: 多朝并立
Sui37 years
581 - 618
Capital: 大兴Founder: 文帝杨坚
Tang289 years
618 - 907
Capital: 长安Founder: 高祖李渊
Five Dynasties & Ten Kingdoms72 years
907 - 979
Capital: 汴梁等地Founder: 多朝并立
Northern Song167 years
960 - 1127
Capital: 开封Founder: 太祖赵匡胤
Southern Song152 years
1127 - 1279
Capital: 临安Founder: 高宗赵构
Liao218 years
907 - 1125
Capital: 上京Founder: 耶律阿保机
Jin119 years
1115 - 1234
Capital: 中都Founder: 完颜阿骨打
Yuan97 years
1271 - 1368
Capital: 大都Founder: 世祖忽必烈
Ming276 years
1368 - 1644
Capital: 北京Founder: 太祖朱元璋
Qing268 years
1644 - 1912
Capital: 北京Founder: 世祖福临

Modern Era

Republic of China37 years
1912 - 1949
Capital: 南京Founder: 孙中山
People's Republic of China77 years
1949 - Present
Capital: 北京Founder: 毛泽东

What is a Dynasty Table?

A dynasty table is a chronological listing of Chinese dynasties throughout history. China is one of the world's oldest civilizations, spanning from the Xia Dynasty around 2070 BC through the Shang, Zhou, Qin, Han, Tang, Song, Yuan, Ming, and Qing dynasties until the fall of the Qing in 1912. Understanding the sequence of dynasties helps comprehend the development of Chinese history.

How to Use

  1. 1. Browse the complete list of dynasties in chronological order
  2. 2. Use the search function to quickly find a specific dynasty
  3. 3. Click "Major Dynasties" to show only unified empires

Important Periods

Pre-Imperial Era (c. 2070 BC - 221 BC)

Includes Xia, Shang, and Zhou dynasties - the origin of Chinese civilization. The Zhou Dynasty is divided into Western and Eastern Zhou, with Eastern Zhou further split into Spring & Autumn and Warring States periods.

Qin-Han Period (221 BC - 220 AD)

The Qin Dynasty unified China and established the first centralized empire. The Han Dynasty inherited Qin's system, opened the Silk Road, and laid the foundation of Han Chinese culture.

Tang-Song Period (618 - 1279 AD)

The Tang Dynasty was the peak of Chinese feudal society with cultural prosperity. The Song Dynasty saw economic development and technological advances, with inventions like movable type printing, gunpowder, and the compass having profound global impact.

FAQ

Q: What was the first Chinese dynasty?

A: Traditionally, the Xia Dynasty (c. 2070-1600 BC) is considered the first Chinese dynasty, established by Yu the Great. However, there is academic debate about whether the Xia actually existed. The Shang Dynasty is the first dynasty with written records.

Q: Which dynasty lasted the longest?

A: The Zhou Dynasty (c. 1046-256 BC) lasted the longest at approximately 790 years. Next is the Shang Dynasty at about 554 years, and the Xia Dynasty at about 470 years.

Q: Why did some dynasties overlap?

A: In Chinese history, particularly during periods of division (like the Three Kingdoms, Southern & Northern Dynasties, and Five Dynasties & Ten Kingdoms), multiple regimes existed simultaneously. These overlapping dynasties were concurrent states.

Q: What's the difference between a 'dynasty' and a 'period'?

A: A dynasty typically refers to the continuous rule of a family or regime, such as the Han or Tang Dynasty. A period is a division of a historical phase that may contain multiple dynasties, like the 'Three Kingdoms period' which included Wei, Shu, and Wu.